| The Honourable George Alexander Drew |
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|---|---|
| The Hon. George Alexander Drew PC CC QC | |
| 14th Premier of Ontario | |
| In office August 17, 1943 – October 19, 1948 |
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| Preceded by | Harry Nixon |
| Succeeded by | Thomas Kennedy |
| Personal details | |
| Born | May 7, 1894 Guelph, Ontario |
| Died | January 4, 1973 (aged 78) Toronto, Ontario |
| Political party | Ontario PC Party |
| Alma mater | University of Toronto Osgoode Hall Law School |
| Religion | Anglican |
George Alexander Drew, PC, CC, QC (May 7, 1894 – January 4, 1973) was a Canadian conservative politician who founded a Progressive Conservative dynasty in Ontario that lasted 42 years. He served as the 14th Premier of Ontario from 1943 to 1948.
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George Drew was educated at Upper Canada College, graduated from the University of Toronto, where he was a member of the Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity (Alpha Phi chapter). He then studied law at Osgoode Hall Law School. He served with distinction in World War I as an officer in the Canadian Field Artillery. After the war he became lieutenant-colonel of the 11th Field Brigade and later honorary colonel of the 11th Field Regiment, Royal Canadian Artillery. He was called to the bar in 1920. He married Fiorenza Johnson (1910–1965), daughter of Edward Johnson, noted opera singer (tenor) and later General Manager (1935–1950) of the Metropolitan Opera House in New York City. He remarried and was survived by his second wife at his death.
He was elected mayor of the City of Guelph in 1925 after serving as an alderman. In 1929 he left to become assistant master and then master of the Supreme Court of Ontario. As a practising lawyer, in 1931, he was appointed the first Chairman of the Ontario Securities Commission by the provincial Conservative government and was fired by the Liberal government of the colourful Mitch Hepburn after it came to power as a result of the 1934 provincial election. Drew ran for the leadership of the near moribund Conservative Party of Ontario at the 1936 Conservative leadership convention losing to Earl Rowe who subsequently appointed Drew to the position of provincial organizer for the party. Drew broke with the Tories, however, when they opposed Hepburn's attempt to crush the Congress of Industrial Organizations attempt to unionize General Motors in Oshawa. He ran as an Independent Conservative in Wellington South during the 1937 provincial election but was defeated along with the Tories with Rowe failing to win a seat in the legislature and consequently resiging as party leader. Drew ran again for the Conservative leadership in 1938, this time successfully and entered the Legislative Assembly of Ontario through a 1939 by-election as the Member of Provincial Parliament for Simcoe East. In the 1943 provincial election, he was elected in the Toronto riding of High Park.
The Liberal government went through a series of crises during World War II due to Hepburn's feud with Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King and the federal Liberals. These crises led to Hepburn's resignation.
In the 1943 provincial election, the Tories, now called the "Progressive Conservatives", won a minority government, narrowly beating the social democratic Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) led by Ted Jolliffe. (Jolliffe and Drew had attended the same high school in Guelph, Ontario, the Guelph Collegiate Vocational Institute).[1]
Drew won by responding to the mood of the times, and running on a relatively left-wing platform, promising such radical reforms as free dental care and universal health care. While his government did not implement much of its promised platform (including Medicare or denticare), it did establish the basis for the Tory regimes that followed by trying to steer a moderate course. Drew's government also introduced the Drew Regulation in 1944, which made it compulsory for Ontario schools to provide one hour of religious instruction a week.
Drew was strident in his criticism of the federal government of Mackenzie King, attacking its leadership in the Canadian war effort, chastizing it during the Conscription Crisis of 1944 for not instituting full conscription, and accusing it of attempting to centralize power.
During the spring 1945 Ontario election, Premier Drew ran an anti-Semitic, union bashing, Red-baiting campaign against the CCF's Ontario section.[2] The previous two-years of anti-socialist attacks by the Conservatives and their supporters, like Gladstone Murray and Montague A. Sanderson, were devastatingly effective against the previously popular CCF.[3] Much of the source material for the anti-CCF campaign came from the Ontario Provincial Police (OPP)'s Special Investigation Branch's agent D-208: Captain William J. Osbourne-Dempster.[4] His office was supposed to be investigating war-time 5th column saboteurs.[5] Instead, starting in November 1943, he was investigating, almost exclusively, Ontario opposition MPPs, mainly focusing on the CCF caucus.[6] The fact that Jolliffe knew about these 'secret' investigations as early as February 1944 led to one of the most infamous incidents in 20th-century Canadian politics.[7]
This accusation led to Drew ordering the LeBel Royal Commission to investigate the charges made by Jolliffe.[8] The charges stemmed from Ontario's Official Opposition Leader Jolliffe, during the election campaign. He made these allegations during a campaign radio speech on 24 May 1945.[8] Drew announced in a radio speech on 26 May that he would call an inquiry, and appointed Mr. Justice A. M. LeBel to lead the commission on 28 May.[8] Jolliffe, and Liberal leader Mitchell Hepburn made offers to withhold from electioneering and have the commission report before the election.[8] Drew refused to either postpone the election, or speed up the commission process.[8] The commission began hearings on 20 June 1945,[9] and heard final arguments on 20 July 1945.[10] The report was issued on 11 October 1945,[11] with LeBel agreeing with much of what Jolliffe charged, but ultimately ruled that the Premier did not have a secret political police reporting to him, mainly due to the lack of direct documented evidence.[12] In the late 1970s, that documented evidence was found, but the provincial government at the time considered the case closed.[13]
The Conservatives got their majority, as they crushed the CCF on 4 June 1945.[14] Drew's party won 66 out the 90 seats in the legislature, and reduced Jolliffe's CCF to just 8 seats, which also meant that they were no longer the Official Opposition.[14] Drew won 20 seats from the CCF directly, including Jolliffe's.[14] The "Gestapo" claims against Drew seemed to do little if any damage, and the CCF got nearly the same percentage in the popular vote as was predicted by a Gallup poll one month earlier.[15]
While the Tories won a majority in the legislature in the 1948 election, Drew himself was defeated in the Toronto riding of High Park by CCFer and temperance crusader William "Temperance Willie" Temple who had targeted Drew over his softening of Ontario's liquor laws by legalizing cocktail bars in Ontario.[16][17] Whereupon Drew blamed a supposed, future Communist takeover of Ontario on the failure of Ontarians to re-elect him.[18]
Drew's government insisted on spending $400 million dollars in a ten-year program to convert Ontario's electricity system from 25-cyles to 60-cycles bringing it in line with the rest of North America and allowing the province to join the North American power grid and easily import and export electricity – a necessary prerequisite for the province's industrial development. Drew also helped spur post-war immigration to Ontario from 1947 to 1948 by setting up immigration offices throughout the United Kingdom and initiating cheap charter flights to bring an estimated 20,000 British immigrants to the province in what has been called the world's first mass migration by air.[17] Drew, a committed British imperialist, focussed on attracting British immigrants because he felt they were "the right class of people" to bring to Canada.[19] Drew's government also increased funding for roads and highways and also increased funding for schools by increasing the provincial government's share for education spending from 15% to 50%.[17] Through a government that made investments to modernize Ontario, Drew laid the basis for the province's post-war industrial expansion and for a Progressive Conservative dynasty that lasted 42 years and saw six successive Progressive Conservative premiers.
While it would have been easy enough for Drew to re-enter the legislature by running in a by-election, Drew decided to enter federal politics. "Colonel Drew" (as he liked to be called) won the 1948 federal Progressive Conservative leadership convention, defeating John Diefenbaker on the first ballot.
Drew then contested a by-election in Carleton in order to win a seat in the House of Commons. The federal Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) was determined to defeat him, so they ran Eugene Forsey as their candidate.[20] William Horace Temple was brought up from Toronto to appear at a political meeting with Drew, and accused the Tory leader of being "a tool of the liquor interests" and also made suggestions about Drew's sobriety.[20] Temple's comments so enraged Drew that he had to be restrained from physically attacking his nemesis.[20] However, Drew won the vote and went to Parliament. He ran against Forsey again in the 1949 election, and beat him again.
As leader of the federal Progressive Conservative Party and a Member of Parliament, he became Leader of the Opposition.
In the 1949 and 1953 federal elections, Drew's Tories were defeated handily by the Liberals, led by Louis St. Laurent. As a Federal politician, Drew alienated potential supporters in Quebec when he called French-Canadians a "defeated race", rhetoric which, when he had been in previous years a Provincial politician in Ontario, may not have been as damaging among a certain sector of Anglophone voter, but which was now used against him by his opponents at the Federal level of politics. His support for conscription during World War II also hurt his prospects among French-Canadian voters. In poor health following a nearly fatal attack of meningitis Drew resigned as Progressive Conservative leader in 1956 and was succeeded by John Diefenbaker. From 1957 to 1964 He served as Canadian High Commissioner to the United Kingdom and during this period he worked with newspaper baron and fellow Canadian Lord Beaverbrook in an attempt to influence British public opinion against joining the European Common Market as Drew saw this as a threat to the British Commonwealth.
In 1967, he was made a Companion of the Order of Canada. He served as the first Chancellor of the University of Guelph from 1965 until 1971.
George Drew received Honorary Degrees from Several Universities including
| Political offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by George Stewart Henry |
Leader of the Opposition in the Ontario Legislature 1939–1943 |
Succeeded by Ted Jolliffe |
| Preceded by John Bracken |
Leader of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada 1948–1956 |
Succeeded by John Diefenbaker |
| Leader of the Official Opposition in the Canadian House of Commons 1948–1956 |
Succeeded by John Diefenbaker |
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| Parliament of Canada | ||
| Preceded by George Russell Boucher |
Member of Parliament from Carleton 1948–1957 |
Succeeded by Richard Albert Bell |
| Diplomatic posts | ||
| Preceded by Norman Robertson |
Canadian High Commissioner to the United Kingdom 1957–1964 |
Succeeded by Lionel Chevrier |
| Academic offices | ||
| New office | Chancellor of the University of Guelph 1965–1971 |
Succeeded by Emmett Hall |
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